{"id":106,"date":"2005-04-01T12:42:00","date_gmt":"2005-04-01T12:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ajaonline.org\/2005\/04\/01\/99\/"},"modified":"2024-08-13T03:46:55","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T03:46:55","slug":"99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/","title":{"rendered":"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This article reviews the archaeological and documentary evidence for stone towers built in rural and urban Greece in classical and Hellenistic times. The history of scholarship reveals how prevailing agendas have unduly influenced interpretation. A new contextual and transregional approach situates these structures more securely within the exploitation of the Greek landscape through extractive and productive technologies, and emphasizes their relations to the forms of dependent labor that enabled them. In particular, towers may have confined unfree labor under circumstances of absentee farming and mining by wealthy owners and tenants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article reviews the archaeological and documentary evidence for stone towers built in rural and urban Greece in classical and Hellenistic times. The history of scholarship reveals how prevailing agendas have unduly influenced interpretation. A new contextual and transregional approach situates these structures more securely within the exploitation of the Greek landscape through extractive and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":105,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[904],"tags":[10,14,32],"issues":[103],"region":[802],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-architecture","tag-literarystudies","tag-agriculture","issues-103","region-greece"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation | April 2005 (109.2) | American Journal of Archaeology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation | April 2005 (109.2) | American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article reviews the archaeological and documentary evidence for stone towers built in rural and urban Greece in classical and Hellenistic times. The history of scholarship reveals how prevailing agendas have unduly influenced interpretation. A new contextual and transregional approach situates these structures more securely within the exploitation of the Greek landscape through extractive and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aja.journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2005-04-01T12:42:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-13T03:46:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"517\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"website\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"website\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"website\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/f93c211048ad920b94c1e8abdb2053f0\"},\"headline\":\"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation\",\"datePublished\":\"2005-04-01T12:42:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:46:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/\"},\"wordCount\":98,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif\",\"keywords\":[\"Architecture\",\"Literary Studies\",\"Agriculture\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Article\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/\",\"name\":\"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation | April 2005 (109.2) | American Journal of Archaeology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2005-04-01T12:42:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:46:55+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif\",\"width\":400,\"height\":517,\"caption\":\"Isometric reconstruction of tower complex at Agia Triada, Amorgos (Drawing by M. Korres) (Courtesy L. Marangou).\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/\",\"name\":\"American Journal of Archaeology\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"American Journal of Archaeology\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/new-logo.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/new-logo.svg\",\"width\":383,\"height\":65,\"caption\":\"American Journal of Archaeology\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aja.journal\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/f93c211048ad920b94c1e8abdb2053f0\",\"name\":\"website\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/454a368f1f2897d66c2307056013fc288bd8545a64efddeb560bc4e24b31c669?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/454a368f1f2897d66c2307056013fc288bd8545a64efddeb560bc4e24b31c669?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"website\"},\"description\":\"AIA web developer\/manager\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/author\/website\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation | April 2005 (109.2) | American Journal of Archaeology","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation | April 2005 (109.2) | American Journal of Archaeology","og_description":"This article reviews the archaeological and documentary evidence for stone towers built in rural and urban Greece in classical and Hellenistic times. The history of scholarship reveals how prevailing agendas have unduly influenced interpretation. A new contextual and transregional approach situates these structures more securely within the exploitation of the Greek landscape through extractive and [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/","og_site_name":"American Journal of Archaeology","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aja.journal","article_published_time":"2005-04-01T12:42:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-08-13T03:46:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":400,"height":517,"url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif","type":"image\/gif"}],"author":"website","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"website"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/"},"author":{"name":"website","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/f93c211048ad920b94c1e8abdb2053f0"},"headline":"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation","datePublished":"2005-04-01T12:42:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-13T03:46:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/"},"wordCount":98,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif","keywords":["Architecture","Literary Studies","Agriculture"],"articleSection":["Article"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/","url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/","name":"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation | April 2005 (109.2) | American Journal of Archaeology","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif","datePublished":"2005-04-01T12:42:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-13T03:46:55+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Morris_Fig13_large.gif","width":400,"height":517,"caption":"Isometric reconstruction of tower complex at Agia Triada, Amorgos (Drawing by M. Korres) (Courtesy L. Marangou)."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/99\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/","name":"American Journal of Archaeology","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization","name":"American Journal of Archaeology","url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/new-logo.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/new-logo.svg","width":383,"height":65,"caption":"American Journal of Archaeology"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aja.journal"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/f93c211048ad920b94c1e8abdb2053f0","name":"website","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/454a368f1f2897d66c2307056013fc288bd8545a64efddeb560bc4e24b31c669?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/454a368f1f2897d66c2307056013fc288bd8545a64efddeb560bc4e24b31c669?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"website"},"description":"AIA web developer\/manager","sameAs":["https:\/\/ajaonline.org"],"url":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/author\/website\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7083,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions\/7083"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106"},{"taxonomy":"issues","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issues?post=106"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}