{"id":1683,"date":"2021-12-16T04:28:13","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T04:28:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ajaonline.org\/2021\/12\/16\/4412\/"},"modified":"2024-08-13T03:45:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T03:45:53","slug":"4412","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/","title":{"rendered":"Forging the Roman Rural Economy: A Blacksmithing Workshop and Its Tool Set at Marzuolo (Tuscany)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As an Early Imperial rural site of approximately two hectares in the hinterland of southern Tuscany with evidence of crafting and dwelling, Marzuolo belongs to an expanding and diverse group of known Roman minor centers. Between 2017 and 2019, excavations at Marzuolo revealed a blacksmithing workshop that was in operation in the first half of the first century CE and was violently destroyed in a fire and abandoned thereafter. As a result, the Marzuolo smithy presents a unique opportunity to investigate a &ldquo;living&rdquo; workshop, complete with its ephemeral features, worked objects, and comprehensive tool set. After reconstructing the <em>cha&icirc;ne op&eacute;ratoire <\/em>of blacksmithing in its spatial setting at Marzuolo, this article integrates the rare find of the in situ tool set to argue for both a greater geographical, social, and functional pervasiveness of metals in the Roman countryside than has hitherto been acknowledged and for the importance of minor centers in forging the ties that bound a dynamic rural economy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As an Early Imperial rural site of approximately two hectares in the hinterland of southern Tuscany with evidence of crafting and dwelling, Marzuolo belongs to an expanding and diverse group of known Roman minor centers. Between 2017 and 2019, excavations at Marzuolo revealed a blacksmithing workshop that was in operation in the first half of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1682,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[904],"tags":[29,36,50],"issues":[787],"region":[877],"class_list":["post-1683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-romanperiod","tag-metallurgymetalworking","tag-excavation","issues-787","region-italy-tuscany"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Forging the Roman Rural Economy: A Blacksmithing Workshop and Its Tool Set at Marzuolo (Tuscany) | January 2022 (126.1) | American Journal of Archaeology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Forging the Roman Rural Economy: A Blacksmithing Workshop and Its Tool Set at Marzuolo (Tuscany) | January 2022 (126.1) | American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As an Early Imperial rural site of approximately two hectares in the hinterland of southern Tuscany with evidence of crafting and dwelling, Marzuolo belongs to an expanding and diverse group of known Roman minor centers. Between 2017 and 2019, excavations at Marzuolo revealed a blacksmithing workshop that was in operation in the first half of [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aja.journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-16T04:28:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-13T03:45:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/VanOyen_0.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"459\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"website\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"website\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"website\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/f93c211048ad920b94c1e8abdb2053f0\"},\"headline\":\"Forging the Roman Rural Economy: A Blacksmithing Workshop and Its Tool Set at Marzuolo (Tuscany)\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-16T04:28:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:45:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/\"},\"wordCount\":178,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/VanOyen_0.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Roman Period\",\"Metallurgy\/Metalworking\",\"Excavation\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Article\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/\",\"name\":\"Forging the Roman Rural Economy: A Blacksmithing Workshop and Its Tool Set at Marzuolo (Tuscany) | January 2022 (126.1) | American Journal of Archaeology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/VanOyen_0.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-16T04:28:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:45:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4412\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/VanOyen_0.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/VanOyen_0.jpg\",\"width\":900,\"height\":459,\"caption\":\"Smithing tools (before conservation), found inside the blacksmithing workshop: tongs, SF 17_32; 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