{"id":1777,"date":"2023-01-01T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ajaonline.org\/2023\/01\/01\/4587\/"},"modified":"2024-08-13T03:45:49","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T03:45:49","slug":"4587","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/","title":{"rendered":"The Late Roman Unfinished Cha\u00eene op\u00e9ratoire: A New Approach to Inscribed Glass Openwork"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fragments of incomplete material objects, too often relegated to storage, have the potential to help uncover production processes that had been believed lost or thought permanently obscured. Traditionally, study of the <em>cha&icirc;ne op&eacute;ratoire<\/em> (operational sequence) has been limited to completed pieces, excluding in-process and discarded items. This omission creates a misleading narrative. Rather than a linear process, the manufacture of sculpted objects is a multistep, protracted endeavor. Through an examination of unfinished carving among Late Roman glass openwork vessels (also known as <em>diatreta<\/em> or &ldquo;cage cups&rdquo;), highlighting in particular inscribed glass openwork vessels that were in process, this discussion offers a new approach building on previous scholarship. Unfinished carving is a rich and varied category of material culture that can, and should, be regarded as a valuable and even crucial complement to completed pieces. This freshly conceived archaeology of Roman experiments, mistakes, and fragments helps shed new light on&mdash;and even resolve&mdash;long-standing debates concerning these renowned works. This article demonstrates that expanding the <em>cha&icirc;ne op&eacute;ratoire<\/em> to include the unfinished can enrich our understanding of craft production in the Late Roman world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fragments of incomplete material objects, too often relegated to storage, have the potential to help uncover production processes that had been believed lost or thought permanently obscured. Traditionally, study of the cha&icirc;ne op&eacute;ratoire (operational sequence) has been limited to completed pieces, excluding in-process and discarded items. This omission creates a misleading narrative. Rather than a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1776,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[904],"tags":[22,26,28,54],"issues":[792],"region":[800],"class_list":["post-1777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-smallfinds","tag-lateantiquity","tag-arthistory","tag-materialculture","issues-792","region-europe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Late Roman Unfinished Cha\u00eene op\u00e9ratoire: A New Approach to Inscribed Glass Openwork | January 2023 (127.1) | American Journal of Archaeology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Late Roman Unfinished Cha\u00eene op\u00e9ratoire: A New Approach to Inscribed Glass Openwork | January 2023 (127.1) | American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fragments of incomplete material objects, too often relegated to storage, have the potential to help uncover production processes that had been believed lost or thought permanently obscured. Traditionally, study of the cha&icirc;ne op&eacute;ratoire (operational sequence) has been limited to completed pieces, excluding in-process and discarded items. This omission creates a misleading narrative. Rather than a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aja.journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-01T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-13T03:45:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Meredith.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"839\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"website\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"website\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"website\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/f93c211048ad920b94c1e8abdb2053f0\"},\"headline\":\"The Late Roman Unfinished Cha\u00eene op\u00e9ratoire: A New Approach to Inscribed Glass Openwork\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-01T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:45:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/\"},\"wordCount\":209,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Meredith.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Small Finds\",\"Late Antiquity\",\"Art History\",\"Material Culture\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Article\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/\",\"name\":\"The Late Roman Unfinished Cha\u00eene op\u00e9ratoire: A New Approach to Inscribed Glass Openwork | January 2023 (127.1) | American Journal of Archaeology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Meredith.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-01T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:45:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4587\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Meredith.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Meredith.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":839,\"caption\":\"Glass openwork lamp with a stop mark and Greek inscription; ovolo frieze and fish and snails imagery at the base; early fourth century CE, decolorized glass, ht. 105 mm, rim diam. 165 mm, wall thickness not known, letter ht. 28 mm; excavated incomplete from a grave and restored in 1845. 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