{"id":1856,"date":"2024-01-01T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ajaonline.org\/2024\/01\/01\/4740\/"},"modified":"2024-08-13T03:45:46","modified_gmt":"2024-08-13T03:45:46","slug":"4740","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f, Karada\u011f, and Sacred Peak Sites in Central Anatolia During the Late Bronze and Iron Ages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mountain peaks and rocky outcrops have long been recognized to have been crucial components of the religious beliefs of people in Anatolia during the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Archaeologically, however, sanctuaries that are associated with these features are much less understood. This article considers what is known about Anatolian peak sites textually and archaeologically for the second and first millennia BCE. While Late Bronze Age textual accounts of rituals and built features on peaks are abundant, archaeological data is comparatively scarce. The converse is true during the Iron Age, from which there are several archaeologically attested kinds of monuments associated with rocky outcrops and peaks, including stelae and step monuments, but a limited textual record. Assessing the evidence for continuity and innovation in peak-site usage across the two periods sheds new light on the Bronze to Iron Age transition, contributing additional nuance to what is increasingly recognized to have been a highly variable and localized phenomenon. In particular, the Iron Age peak sanctuaries of K&#x131;z&#x131;lda&#x11F; and Karada&#x11F; and the associated settlement of T&uuml;rkmen-Karah&ouml;y&uuml;k serve as a useful case study for the ways in which Late Bronze Age precedents were consciously adapted into new forms in the Iron Age.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mountain peaks and rocky outcrops have long been recognized to have been crucial components of the religious beliefs of people in Anatolia during the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Archaeologically, however, sanctuaries that are associated with these features are much less understood. This article considers what is known about Anatolian peak sites textually and archaeologically [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[904],"tags":[3,17,20,37],"issues":[797],"region":[901],"class_list":["post-1856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","tag-bronzeage","tag-landscapearchaeology","tag-ironage","tag-religioncult","issues-797","region-turkey-central-turkey"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f, Karada\u011f, and Sacred Peak Sites in Central Anatolia During the Late Bronze and Iron Ages | January 2024 (128.1) | American Journal of Archaeology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f, Karada\u011f, and Sacred Peak Sites in Central Anatolia During the Late Bronze and Iron Ages | January 2024 (128.1) | American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mountain peaks and rocky outcrops have long been recognized to have been crucial components of the religious beliefs of people in Anatolia during the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Archaeologically, however, sanctuaries that are associated with these features are much less understood. This article considers what is known about Anatolian peak sites textually and archaeologically [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"American Journal of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aja.journal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-01T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-13T03:45:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Osborne.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"website\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"website\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"website\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#\/schema\/person\/f93c211048ad920b94c1e8abdb2053f0\"},\"headline\":\"K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f, Karada\u011f, and Sacred Peak Sites in Central Anatolia During the Late Bronze and Iron Ages\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:45:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/\"},\"wordCount\":231,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Osborne.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Bronze Age\",\"Landscape Archaeology\",\"Iron Age\",\"Religion\/Cult\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Article\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/\",\"name\":\"K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f, Karada\u011f, and Sacred Peak Sites in Central Anatolia During the Late Bronze and Iron Ages | January 2024 (128.1) | American Journal of Archaeology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Osborne.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-01T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-13T03:45:46+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/article\/4740\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Osborne.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ajaonline.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Osborne.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":900,\"caption\":\"The \u201cthrone monument\u201d at K\u0131z\u0131lda\u011f, viewed from the south (courtesy T. 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